Peer Reviewed
1
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-8-2003
Keywords
Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bone and Bones, Chelating Agents, Contrast Media, Fluorescent Dyes, Fractures, Stress, Humans, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Osteoporosis, Rosaniline Dyes, Tetracyclines, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract
Fatigue-induced microdamage in bone contributes to stress and fragility fractures and acts as a stimulus for bone remodelling. Detecting such microdamage is difficult as pre-existing microdamage sustained in vivo must be differentiated from artefactual damage incurred during specimen preparation. This was addressed by bulk staining specimens in alcohol-soluble basic fuchsin dye, but cutting and grinding them in an aqueous medium. Nonetheless, some artefactual cracks are partially stained and careful observation under transmitted light, or epifluorescence microscopy, is required. Fuchsin lodges in cracks, but is not site-specific. Cracks are discontinuities in the calcium-rich bone matrix and chelating agents, which bind calcium, can selectively label them. Oxytetracycline, alizarin complexone, calcein, calcein blue and xylenol orange all selectively bind microcracks and, as they fluoresce at different wavelengths and colours, can be used in sequence to label microcrack growth. New agents that only fluoresce when involved in a chelate are currently being developed--fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) sensors. Such agents enable microdamage to be quantified and crack growth to be measured and are useful histological tools in providing data for modelling the material behaviour of bone. However, a non-invasive method is needed to measure microdamage in patients. Micro-CT is being studied and initial work with iodine dyes linked to a chelating group has shown some promise. In the long term, it is hoped that repeated measurements can be made at critical sites and microdamage accumulation monitored. Quantification of microdamage, together with bone mass measurements, will help in predicting and preventing bone fracture failure in patients with osteoporosis.
Disciplines
Anatomy
Citation
Lee TC, Mohsin S, Taylor D, Parkesh R, Gunnlaugsson T, O'Brien FJ, Giehl M, Gowin W Detecting microdamage in bone. Journal of Anatomy. 2003; 203(2):161-72 .
PubMed ID
12924817
Link to this item at
http://epubs.rcsi.ie/anatart/19
DOI Link
10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00211.x
Comments
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