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<title>Institute of Leadership Articles</title>
<copyright>Copyright (c) 2013 Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland All rights reserved.</copyright>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart</link>
<description>Recent documents in Institute of Leadership Articles</description>
<language>en-us</language>
<lastBuildDate>Fri, 15 Feb 2013 01:40:54 PST</lastBuildDate>
<ttl>3600</ttl>


	
		
	







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<title>Toward a wiki guide for obstetrics and gynecology trainees in Ireland.</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/13</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/13</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2013 06:40:12 PST</pubDate>
<description>
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	<p>BACKGROUND: The present paper describes the implementation of a novel, web-based, comprehensive national information hub for trainees in obstetrics and gynecology in Ireland. This was a unique development in the context of an entire medical specialty and was aligned with the communication strategy of the governing professional body. To date, trainee doctors working in Ireland undergo an incoherent and inconsistent new-staff induction and handover. In the healthcare setting, staff integration can have a major impact on the quality of patient care.</p>
<p>METHODS: A free wiki software platform (PBworks) was used for the website, and freely available software (Google Analytics) was used to determine user interaction and level of engagement.</p>
<p>RESULTS: In the first year, 442 user visits were recorded. The average duration of site visits was 4minutes 39seconds, which compared favorably with the 4-minute duration for visits to Wikipedia.</p>
<p>CONCLUSION: The project was successful as a proof concept and in practice. Other medical faculties have expressed an interest in adopting the concept and developing it for their trainees. The concept is widely applicable to other countries, with the negligible cost relevant to resource-poor areas.</p>

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<author>Ruaidhrí M. McVey et al.</author>


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<title>The Age of Cyberchondria</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/12</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/12</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jan 2013 09:02:16 PST</pubDate>
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	<p>The internet is a source of valuable medical information. However, it has the potential to increase anxiety in people who have no medical training, when it is employed as a diagnostic procedure. While hypochondriasis is a condition that is familiar in the medical literature, there is little research into the effects of technology on health anxiety and hypochondria. The literature supports the view that technology impacts on the management of one’s health and on the traditional doctor-patient relationships. Anxiety induced by health-related online search is an increasingly differentiated activity and is known in the field of cyberpsychology as cyberchondria. This literature review aims to evaluate a broad range of research studies concerning health anxiety, hypochondria, online medical information seeking and the emerging phenomenon of cyberchondria. Themes identified include: technology-facilitated health information seeking; the impact of medical online search on traditional doctor-patient relationships in the consultation process; the need for better health management; and, medical knowledge empowerment of patients. Aspects of health-related information-seeking behaviour relevant for cyberpsychology are also considered. The latest recommendations of the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM-V) working party regarding future classification of hypochondria and technology-facilitated symptom seeking are reported. Recommendations for further research include a large-scale study to assess the prevalence and nature of cyberchondria. The findings of the review are relevant for healthcare professionals, as the impact of the internet on patient behaviour and healthcare management is likely to increase steadily over time.</p>

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<author>Mary Aikens et al.</author>


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<title>Action Learning: training and development considerations.</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/11</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/11</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 Nov 2012 02:55:13 PST</pubDate>
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	<p>This paper recommends the use of action learning to support organisational change initiatives. Action learning is understood to be a dynamic process where a team meets regularly to help individual members address issues through a highly structured, facilitated team process of reflection and action. Appropriate training and development in action learning is vital to ensure a positive experience for all involved.</p>

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<author>Pauline Joyce</author>


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<title>Action Learning- a process which supports organisational change initiatives.</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/10</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/10</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 02 Feb 2012 04:53:21 PST</pubDate>
<description>
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	<p>This paper reflects on how action learning sets were used to support organisational change initiatives. It sets the scene with contextualising the inclusion of change projects in a masters programme. Action learning is understood to be a dynamic process where a team meets regularly to help individual members address issues through a highly structured, facilitated team process of reflection and action. The key findings from evaluation of the students and facilitators’ experiences are reflected on, together with plans for improving the experience for all stakeholders for the next academic year. In sharing this experience the purpose of the paper is to highlight the most significant learning from the evaluation. Good preparation for action learning is vital to ensure a positive experience for all involved. From the student perspective, an appropriate learning set mix is needed to ensure a balance of support and challenge for the action learning set. In addition to a preparatory workshop for action learning facilitators regular meetings with the action learning facilitators in the form of action learning sets could be scheduled as a support especially for those new to the process. Finally it is hoped that this account will encourage readers to use action learning for supporting and engaging students in organisational change initiatives.</p>

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<author>Pauline Joyce</author>


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<title>Learning as doing –common goals and interests across management and education.</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/9</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/9</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 02 Feb 2012 04:10:55 PST</pubDate>
<description>
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	<p><strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate approaches to learning of healthcare professionals in a postgraduate management programme.</p>
<p><strong>Background:</strong> The study was carried out in a higher education institution.</p>
<p><strong>Methods: </strong>An evaluation research study of an interprofessional healthcare group was carried out with students (insider stakeholders), and their lecturers and external examiner (external stakeholders). All three perspectives are presented here. Data was collected by interview, document analysis and reflection.</p>
<p><strong>Results: </strong>This paper focused on the domain of learning as doing, as a major theme of the study, drawing variances between nurses and other healthcare professionals. The study highlights the importance of exploring approaches to learning from a pluralistic stance.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a risk of adopting a narrow approach to education if management programmes are overly influenced by the immediate needs of application of knowledge to practice. Education is influenced by the needs of the students themselves in coming to the programme to acquire knowledge and skills for application to practice.</p>
<p><strong>Implications for Nursing Management: </strong>Nurses undertaking management programmes need to be facilitated to cope with the conflicting demands of completing tasks on the job, engaging deeply with learning from these demands and becoming empowered to develop professionally and personally.</p>

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<author>Pauline Joyce</author>


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<title>Developing a nursing management degree programme to meet the needs of Irish nurse managers</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/8</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/8</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 16 Sep 2011 03:54:43 PDT</pubDate>
<description>
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	<p><em>Background </em>The study is placed within the context of the Irish health care system, which has undergone tremendous change, at the dawn of the new millennium, in particular from the nursing management and leadership viewpoint.</p>
<p><em>Aim of the study </em>The aim of this study is to explore nurses' expectations of the content and delivery of nursing management degree programme.</p>
<p><em>Methods </em>This is an on-going action research study. Data has been collected using a focus group interview, questionnaire, document analysis and a reflective diary. Data was analysed using thematic analysis and SPSS as appropriate to qualitative and quantitative data respectively. To date two action research cycles are near completion and a total sample of 117 students have taken part in the study.</p>
<p><em>Findings </em>Nurses commencing the programme were unsure of their education and training needs, as they had not yet taken on board the recommendations of the Irish Commission on Nursing (Government of Ireland 1998). The findings suggest that nurse managers may not know what they need to know in light of the many current changes taking place in the Irish health system. The introduction of personal development planning (PDP) is among new strategies taking place as part of the second action research cycle. PDP can help nurse managers to reflect on their current responsibilities and plan for their future career pathways.</p>
<p><em>Conclusions </em>The findings are presented in the context of one institution. Action research, which nests comfortably with certain management styles, has proved suitable as a tool for developing and changing this programme. The need for university teachers to focus on management development skills as well as the transmission of management theory is supported.</p>

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<author>Pauline Joyce</author>


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<title>Continuing Professional Development: investment or expectation?</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/7</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/7</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 13 Sep 2011 07:08:23 PDT</pubDate>
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	<p><strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this study was to explore the reason for nurses' participation in postregistration education.</p>
<p><strong>Background:</strong> The study was located in one third level institution in Ireland and prospective candidates who applied to undertake a programme of studies were invited to complete the postal questionnaire and return it to the college anonymously in advance of commencing their studies.</p>
<p><strong>Method:</strong> A descriptive survey research design was adopted with the use of a questionnaire for data collection. The respondents had an opportunity to make additional comments in a questionnaire, which generated some qualitative data.</p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 243 questionnaires were returned which represented a 46.7% response rate. The major reasons for participating in postregistration education were 'to obtain promotion to a higher grade/position' (99%) and 'to enable me extend my clinical role' (98%).</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Investment in nursing education should take into account the reasons for participation in continuing education and professional development as identified in this study and in other studies so as to focus efforts that improve planning for long-term continuing education and professional development. The adoption of such a strategic approach by employers will ensure more precise targeting of scarce continuing education and professional development resources. Equally, expectation without adequate investment is not realistic if the profession wants to move forward in this era of rapid change in the delivery of health care.</p>

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<author>Pauline Joyce et al.</author>


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<title>Shaping the Future of Nursing Education in Ireland</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/6</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/6</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:28:35 PDT</pubDate>
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	<p>This paper presents core principles of curriculum design. These principles were used as categories following analysis of submissions made to the Nursing Education Forum in Ireland between 1999/2000. This forum was established following a Commission on Nursing, set up to examine the future of nursing in Ireland. The transition from curriculum design to curriculum development is considered and a summary of curriculum activities is outlined. The paper concludes by presenting questions to focus further discussion.</p>

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<author>Pauline Joyce</author>


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<title>Leading and leadership: Reflections on a case study.</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/5</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/5</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 13 Sep 2011 03:47:07 PDT</pubDate>
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	<p><strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this case study was to explore if observing leaders in the context of their day-to-day work can provide an insight into how they lead in particular circumstances.</p>
<p><strong>Background:</strong> The study was carried out in small organisation which was set up five years ago.</p>
<p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case study methodology was used. Data was collected by field notes of non-participant and participant observations. Follow-up interviews were transcribed and analysed to contextualise the observations. A reflective diary was used by the researcher to add to the richness of the data.</p>
<p><strong>Results: </strong>The data demonstrates how the leader responded in key circumstances during scheduled meetings with staff, interactions in the office and during coffee time. These responses are linked to literature on leadership in the areas of power, personal development, coaching and delegation.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that<strong> </strong>observing a leader in the context of their day-to-day work can provide evidence to validate what leaders do in particular circumstances</p>
<p><strong>Implications for Nursing Management: </strong>The implications of the findings for nursing management are the opportunities to use observation as a tool to understand what managers/leaders do, how they manage or lead and why others respond as they do, and with what outcomes.</p>

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<author>Pauline Joyce</author>


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<title>A framework for portfolio development in postgraduate nursing practice</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/4</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/4</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 03 Jun 2011 07:31:01 PDT</pubDate>
<description>
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	<p><strong>Aims and objectives. </strong> The aim of this study is to explore the introduction of portfolios into the first year of an MSc in Nursing Programme.</p>
<p><strong>Background. </strong> This paper outlines a framework for portfolio development in  postgraduate nursing practice. The framework is being piloted, within  the Irish context, with students in the first year of a Masters in  Nursing programme and has the potential to be developed for other  nursing programmes at postgraduate level.</p>
<p><strong>Design and method. </strong> An action research approach has been chosen to study the implementation  of the portfolio and the development of a framework to guide this  initiative. To date the development of the framework is being piloted as  part of the ‘taking action’ phase of a first action research cycle.</p>
<p><strong>Results. </strong> In its current stage of development the framework is constructed to  embrace the core concepts of specialist nursing practice and the nursing  management competencies, from current Irish health care documents. In  addition the portfolio is anchored around personal development planning  and is supported by the use of action learning tutorials and academic  and practice facilitators. The first evaluating phase will take place  later this year and will involve the collection of data from students,  facilitators and lecturers.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion. </strong> The introduction of the portfolio at postgraduate level has  highlighted, to date, issues of confidentiality in committing  experiences to paper, issues around its assessment, and issues around  sharing this document with other students.</p>
<p><strong>Relevance to clinical practice. </strong> Portfolio development at postgraduate level emphasizes linking theory  and practice and stresses the importance of reflection on practice. The  portfolio can also be used by nurses to develop their clinical career  pathways and encourage personal development planning.</p>

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<author>Pauline Joyce</author>


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<title>Leadership and organisational effectiveness – lessons to be drawn from education?</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/3</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/3</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 03 Jun 2011 03:49:28 PDT</pubDate>
<description>
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	<p><strong>Aim </strong> The aim of this paper is to present  findings of a case study on organisational effectiveness in an education  setting and draw similarities with a healthcare setting, focusing on  the school principal and nurse leader.</p>
<p><strong>Background </strong> The study was carried out in a primary school setting and focuses on a  principal (as leader). The school, which will be named St Senan’s for  the case study, is a typical tall structure has a staff of 30 (teachers  and special needs’ assistants) and a student number of 117.</p>
<p><strong>Methods </strong> A case study methodology was used. Data was collected by interviewing  the principal, two teachers, two students and a parent, in this order.  In addition, a Parents’ Council meeting was observed and document  analysis was carried out on measurements which reflected some critical  success factors for the school.</p>
<p><strong>Results </strong> Interviews from students and teachers in addition to observation notes  indicate that the principal’s leadership impacts on organisational  effectiveness in the school.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusions </strong> The findings are located in the context of education with similarities  being drawn from nursing. It is how the leader leads in the context of  the organisation setting which is paramount. In other words it is not  possible to take a set of general critical success factors for a school  or healthcare setting and apply these widely. The paper concludes by  proposing the use of a quality framework to contextualise the findings  of the case and promote further discussion in the context of nurse  leaders.</p>
<p><strong>Implications </strong> The paper suggests that comparisons can be made between school principals and nurse leaders.</p>

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<author>Pauline Joyce</author>


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<title>The impact of a fast track area on quality and effectiveness outcomes: a Middle Eastern emergency department perspective.</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/2</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/2</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2009 09:34:52 PDT</pubDate>
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	<p>BACKGROUND: Emergency department (ED) overcrowding is a ubiquitous problem with serious public health implications. The fast track area is a novel method which aims to reduce waiting time, patient dissatisfaction and morbidity. |The study objective was to determine the impact of a fast track area (FTA) on both effectiveness measures (i.e. waiting times [WT] and length of stay [LOS]) and quality measures (i.e. LWBS rates and mortality rates) in non-urgent patients. The secondary objective was to assess if a FTA negatively impacted on urgent patients entering the ED. METHODS: The study took place in a 500 bed, urban, tertiary care hospital in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. This was a quasi-experimental, which examined the impact of a FTA on a pre-intervention control group (January 2005) (n = 4,779) versus a post-intervention study group (January 2006) (n = 5,706). RESULTS: Mean WTs of Canadian Triage Acuity Scale (CTAS) 4 patients decreased by 22 min (95% CI 21 min to 24 min, P < 0.001). Similarly, mean WTs of CTAS 5 patients decreased by 28 min (95% CI 19 min to 37 min, P < 0.001) post FTA. The mean WTs of urgent patients (CTAS 2/3) were also significantly reduced after the FTA was opened (P < 0.001). The LWBS rate was reduced from 4.7% to 0.7% (95% CI 3.37 to 4.64; P < 0.001). Opening a FTA had no significant impact on mortality rates (P = 0.88). CONCLUSION: The FTA improved ED effectiveness (WTs and LOS) and quality measures (LWBS rates) whereas mortality rate remained unchanged.</p>

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<author>Subashnie Devkaran et al.</author>


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<title>Blended Learning: Overview and Recommendations for Successful Implementation</title>
<link>http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/1</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://epubs.rcsi.ie/ilhmart/1</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2009 09:14:13 PDT</pubDate>
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	<p>Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify key themes within the blended learning literature and to develop a series of practical recommendations to facilitate the successful adaptation and implementation of a ‘‘blended approach to learning delivery’’. Design/methodology/approach – The literature was reviewed and informed a series of recommendations for organisations considering adopting or implementing blended approaches to teaching and training. Findings – Several key themes centering on the importance of evaluation, skills training, pedagogy, human factors, technology and implementation were identified. The emerging themes informed a series of practical recommendations to assist organisations considering blended learning approaches. Findings highlight the current limitations in the evidence base. Practical implications – The identified key themes and practical recommendations provide a useful assist to organisations considering adopting and implementing blended approaches to teaching and training. Originality/value – The paper highlights key areas for development in the blended learning literature and at the organisational level.</p>

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<author>Paul Harris et al.</author>


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